What is Pleural Effusion?
Pleural effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid between the layers of the pleura, the thin membranes that line the lungs and chest cavity. This fluid buildup can impair the lungs' ability to expand, making it difficult to breathe and causing discomfort.
Symptoms:
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
- Chest pain, often sharp and worsening with deep breaths
- Dry cough
- Fever (if infection is the cause)
- Rapid or labored breathing
- Decreased chest movement on the affected side
Causes:
- Heart failure: The most common cause, leading to increased pressure in the blood vessels and fluid leakage.
- Infections: Pneumonia or tuberculosis can cause inflammation and fluid accumulation.
- Cancer: Lung or breast cancer can spread to the pleura.
- Liver or kidney disease: These can lead to fluid imbalances, contributing to pleural effusion.
- Pulmonary embolism: A blood clot in the lungs can lead to fluid buildup.
Treatment:
- Thoracentesis: A procedure to drain excess fluid from the pleural space, relieving symptoms.
- Treating underlying conditions: Addressing the root cause, such as managing heart failure or treating infections.
- Diuretics: In some cases, medications that reduce fluid buildup may be prescribed.